The Kalpasar project, a distinguished endeavor to harness freshwater resources and foster sustainable development in Gujarat, is confronted with the complex challenge of pollution originating from domestic and industrial effluents in the rivers Sabarmati, Mahi, Dhadhar, and their tributaries. This executive summary encapsulates the meticulous efforts and comprehensive strategies devised to mitigate this critical environmental concern.
A preliminary survey meticulously traced polluted discharge points along these rivers and tributaries viz. (i) 10 km river chainage from the confluence point to the origin source, (ii) tributaries (Levels 1 and 2), (iii) villages on the left and right banks of the respective chainages, (iv) rural stretch drains, (v) mega discharges (CETPs, municipal STPs) along with capacity/flow details. All the effluent points from different industries, localities, etc. on the right and left banks of all the Sabarmati, Mahi, and Dhadhar rivers were marked up for disposal into the Gulf of Khambhat. This detailed mapping also considered villages along both banks, and mega discharges like CETPs and municipal STPs, complete with capacity and flow details. The study was facilitated through satellite imagery, satellite images, and publicly available secondary data.
Out of the identified 129 outfall stations, 15 sampling locations were strategically chosen to assess parameters such as accessibility, effluent type, and discharge volume during field studies. Subsequently, 12 highly polluted sampling points were finalized based on marine outfall stations and past reports from GPCB.
The suggested mitigation measures encompass a three-fold strategy:
(a) Cleaning of Polluted Contributing Rivers:
A continuous and imperative process, the cleaning of rivers is emphasized, necessitating proper management for the collection, transportation, and treatment of pollutants to meet desirable standards.
(b) Diverse Set of Interventions:
To mitigate pollutants from contributing rivers, a multifaceted approach is proposed, including wastewater treatment at the rural, municipal, and industrial levels. This encompasses a detailed analysis of all identified outfall locations, considering both point and non-point sources of pollution.
(c) Connected Treatment and Disposal:
The existing CETPs of Ahmedabad, Vadodara, and Anand are envisioned to be connected via a mega pipeline network stretching over 324 kms. This network will facilitate the transportation of treated municipal and industrial waste downstream of the Kalpasar reservoir for disposal into the deep sea. Additionally, 19 clusters of villages are proposed to intervene in the direct discharge of rural waste into rivers. The estimated cost for these interventions is Rs 9852.36 crores, encompassing STPs at cluster levels, rising mains, and deep-sea pipelines.
Also, as per Policy Decision 2008 final mode of disposal would be on the downstream of Kalpasar site.
In conclusion, this pollution mitigation endeavour not only aligns with the objectives of the Kalpasar project but also underscores the commitment to environmental preservation and sustainable development. By implementing these meticulous strategies, we aim to ensure a clean and thriving ecosystem, ultimately contributing to the success of the Kalpasar freshwater reservoir and the well-being of the region's communities.
On the legal front, environmental clearances, land acquisition, water rights, regulatory approvals, and contractual agreements are fundamental aspects. Compliance with environmental regulations and equitable land acquisition are paramount, while negotiations and contracts with various stakeholders must be legally sound.
Security for large dams like Kalpasar encompasses physical and cyber aspects. Protecting against physical threats, including unauthorized access and potential terrorism, is critical. Additionally, safeguarding against cyberattacks on the dam's control systems is vital to maintain operational integrity. Emergency preparedness, continuous monitoring, collaboration with security agencies, and positive community relations all contribute to overall security. However, it's important to note that the project's legal and security aspects may evolve, so staying updated with current developments and regulations is essential for its successful execution.